[305] Like many indigenous Africans in Kenya, Kenyatta bore a sense of resentment towards this community, despite the role that many Indians had played in securing the country's independence. [386] In 1965, the government introduced free medical services for out-patients and children. [251] In January 1960, the British government made its intention to free Kenya apparent. [480] Similarly, Assensoh noted that Kenyatta was "not interested in social philosophies and slogans". During the 1930s Kenyatta briefly joined the Communist Party, met other black nationalists and writers, and organized protests against the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. The remnants of the British military in Kenya also started playing an active role in planning Jomo's funeral, led by Col J.R. Anderson - the most senior British military official and who acted as adviser to the Ministry of Defence - then under Dr Mungai. About this time he married and began to raise a family. Born c.1893, Kenya's founding father, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, brought the light of independence from the British colonialists. Includes immediate family members, current & previous spouses, stepparents, and current & previous in-laws for . [140] Utilising a functionalist framework,[141] he promoted the idea that traditional Kikuyu society had a cohesion and integrity that was better than anything offered by European colonialism. [248] Resolutions calling for his release were produced at the All-African Peoples' Conferences held in Tunis in 1960 and Cairo in 1961. He was the country's first indigenous president and played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British Empire into an independent republic. [265] There, the colonial government had built him a new house to replace that they had demolished. His son Peter Muigai became an assistant minister of foreign affairs, and his cousin Ngethe Njoroge served as high commissioner to the United Kingdom. Muhoho Kenyatta runs his mother's vast family business but lives out of the public limelight. [526], During his trial, Kenyatta described himself as a Christian[527] saying, "I do not follow any particular denomination. [229] By 1957, the inmates had formed into two rival cliques, with Kenyatta and Itote on one side and the other KAU membersnow calling themselves the "National Democratic Party"on the other. JomoKenyatta.com aims to preserve the life of Kenya's founding father, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta. Alternate titles: Johnstone Kamau, Kamau, son of Ngengi. Born into the dominant Kikuyu culture, Kenyatta became its most famous interpreter of Kikuyu traditions through his book Facing Mount Kenya.. Born Kamau Wa Muigai at Ng'enda village, Gatundu Division, Kiambu to Muigai and Wambui, Jomo Kenyatta served as the . [268] In August he met with Renison at Kiambu,[269] and was interviewed by the BBC's Face to Face. [294] On 1June 1963, Kenyatta was sworn in as prime minister of the autonomous Kenyan government. [180] Kenyatta built a friendship with Koinange's father, a Senior Chief, who gave Kenyatta one of his daughters to take as his third wife. [194] As KAU leader, he was at pains to oppose all illegal activity, including workers' strikes. [465], Kenyatta's succession had been an issue of debate since independence,[466] and Kenyatta had not unreservedly nominated a successor. Kenya's first President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta married four wives, Grace Wahu, Edna Clarke, Grace Wanjiku and Mama Ngina. [484], Kenyatta biographer Guy Arnold described the Kenyan leader as "a pragmatist and a moderate", noting that his only "radicalism" came in the form of his "nationalist attack" on imperialism. [296] In November 1963, Kenyatta's government introduced a law making it a criminal offence to disrespect the Prime Minister, exile being the punishment. "[561] Ngg was among Kenyan critics who claimed that Kenyatta treated Mau Mau veterans dismissively, leaving many of them impoverished and landless while seeking to remove them from the centre stage of national politics. [168] The conference ended with a statement declaring that while delegates desired a peaceful transition to African self-rule, Africans "as a last resort, may have to appeal to force in the effort to achieve Freedom". Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [162] He became frustrated by the distance between him and Kenya, telling Edna that he felt "like a general separated by 5000 miles from his troops". Source: Twitter. [302] Many radical voices in Kenya urged him to pursue the project;[303] in May 1964, Kenyatta rejected a back-benchers resolution calling for speedier federation. Peter became an Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs, and Margaret served as Mayor of Nairobi (197076) and then as Kenya's Ambassador to the United Nations (197686). Muhoho Kenyatta, Uhuru's youngest brother, was born in 1964 and runs the Kenyatta's vast business empire that includes Brookside Dairy and Commercial Bank of Africa. [405], Kenyatta and his government were anti-communist,[406] and in June 1965 he warned that "it is naive to think that there is no danger of imperialism from the East. [358] Kenyatta was not sympathetic to those leaving: "Kenya's identity as an African country is not going to be altered by the whims and malaises of groups of uncommitted individuals. [524] He viewed monogamy through an anthropological lens as an interesting Western phenomenon but did not adopt the practice himself, instead having sexual relations with a wide range of women throughout his life. [567] The Kenyatta family is among Kenya's biggest landowners. [451] He suffered from gout and heart problems, all of which he sought to keep hidden from the public. Surely if we are considered fit enough to take our rifles and fight side by side with white men we have a right to a direct say in the running of our country and to education. [60] Aware that Thuku had been exiled for his activism, Kenyatta's took a cautious approach to campaigning, and in Mugwithania he expressed support for the churches, district commissioners, and chiefs. Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's first prime minister and Uhuru's father, created a legacy that has helped his children reach positions of power. Photo: State House, Kenya. [151], "In the last war 300,000 of my people fought in the British Army to drive the Germans from East Africa and 60,000 of them lost their lives. In Nairobi, Kenyatta was introduced to the East . His father was a leader of a small Kikuyu agricultural settlement. [316] To prevent further military unrest, he brought in a review of the salaries of the army, police, and prison staff, leading to pay rises. [240] Kenyatta spent two years in Lodwar. [271], Kenyatta traveled elsewhere in Africa, visiting Tanganyika in October 1961 and Ethiopia in November at the invitation of their governments. [127] Kenyatta socialised at the Student Movement House in Russell Square, which he had joined in the spring of 1934,[128] and befriended Africans in the city. Discover lesser-known facts about celebrities that matter to you and find out how you. [473], "Kenyatta possessed the common touch and great leadership qualities. Much of the wealth created by Jomo Kenyattas capitalist fiscal policy was concentrated in the hands of his friends and family. [25] He then requested that the mission recommend him for employment, but the head missionary refused because of an allegation of minor dishonesty. [454] Four Kikuyu politiciansKoinange, James Gichuru, Njoroge Mungai, and Charles Njonjoformed his inner circle of associates, and he was rarely seen in public without one of them present. [349], Kenya's agricultural and industrial sectors were dominated by Europeans and its commerce and trade by Asians; one of Kenyatta's most pressing issues was to bring the economy under indigenous control. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [177] Peter Muigai Kenyatta. During the inauguration of President Uhuru Kenyatta in 2013 . Among those lobbying for Kenyatta's release from indefinite detention were Tanganyika's Julius Nyerere and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah. [505] He adopted his surname, "Kenyatta", after the name of a beaded belt he often wore in early life. At independence, Kenyatta would not only be considered the guardian of political order, he would also inherit an advantageously designed institutional framework to control the most valuable political and economic resource in Kenya: land. Throughout the 1920s Jomo Kenyatta immersed himself in the movement against a white-settler-dominated Kenyan government. [337], Independent Kenya had an economy heavily molded by colonial rule; agriculture dominated while industry was limited, and there was a heavy reliance on exporting primary goods while importing capital and manufactured goods. [5] Kenyatta's father was named Muigai, and his mother Wambui. [10] Kenyatta then moved in with his grandfather, Kongo wa Magana, and assisted the latter in his role as a traditional healer. [493] The material included in these publications was carefully selected so as to avoid mention of the radicalism he exhibited while in Britain during the 1930s. She is married in Makueni County and little is known about her. [135] In October 1938, he gave a talk to the Manchester Fabian Society in which he described British colonial policy as fascism and compared the treatment of indigenous people in East Africa to the treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany. He adopted the name of Jomo Kenyatta taking his first name from the Kikuyu word for "burning spear" and his last name from the masai word for the bead belt that he often wore.[2]. Uhuru Kenyatta married one lovely Margaret Wanjiru Gakuo who is now the first last of Kenya for the second tenement. We don't want to be dominated by them. His children included President Uhuru Kenyatta, by his fourth and. HOME; SEARCH; MY TREE Start Family Tree; Jomo Kenyatta Hill - Flint, Michigan - (810) 336-8411 . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He was not only older at 63 than all of . Jomo Kenyatta with his sons Uhuru and Muhoho (right). [477] According to Murray-Brown, Kenyatta's "basic philosophy" throughout his life was that "all men deserved the right to develop peacefully according to their own wishes". [189] He insisted on intertribal representation on the KAU executive and ensured that party business was conducted in Swahili, the lingua franca of indigenous Kenyans. [8] She died when giving birth in 1951. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [26], Kenyatta moved to Thika, where he worked for an engineering firm run by the Briton John Cook. [227] In 1955, P. de Robeck became the District Officer, after which Kenyatta and the other inmates were treated more leniently. [52] He thus became the group's secretary. [228] In April 1954, they had been joined by a captured Mau Mau commander, Waruhiu Itote; Kenyatta befriended him, and gave him English lessons. [5], Edna, who died in 1995 at the age of 86, was Kenyatta's second wife. [81], In his absence, female genital mutilation (FGM) had become a topic of strong debate in Kikuyu society. [478], Murray-Brown noted that "Kenyatta had always kept himself free from ideological commitments",[328] while the historian William R. Ochieng observed that "Kenyatta articulated no particular social philosophy". [223] The government took the case to the East African Court of Appeal, which reversed the Supreme Court's decision in August. In May 1928 Kenyatta launched a monthly Kikuyu-language newspaper called Mwigithania (He Who Brings Together), aimed at gaining support from all sections of the Kikuyu. She argues that the quality of love is more important than quantity and that children will not be negatively affected by the absence of an opposite-sex parent. [301] Privately, Kenyatta was more reluctant regarding the arrangement and as 1964 came around the federation had not come to pass. By this point he was increasingly using the name "Kenyatta", which had a more African appearance than "Johnstone". [520] Kenyatta had no racist impulses regarding white Europeans, as can, for instance, be seen through his marriage to a white English woman. [299], Kenya's first cabinet included not only Kikuyu but also members of the Luo, Kamba, Kisii, and Maragoli tribal groups. [395] In 1964, Kenya and the UK signed a Memorandum of Understanding, one of only two military alliances Kenyatta's government made;[395] the British Special Air Service trained Kenyatta's own bodyguards. [53], It is likely that the KCA purchased a motorbike for Kenyatta,[52] which he used to travel around Kikuyuland and neighbouring areas inhabited by the Meru and Embu, helping to establish new KCA branches. He was a well educated intellectual who authored several books, and is . Kenyatta was born as Kamau, son of Ngengi, at Ichaweri, southwest of Mount Kenya in the East African highlands. Over the course of his studies, Kenyatta and Malinowski became close friends. [330] Kenyatta's government nevertheless rejected the idea that the European and Asian minorities could be permitted dual citizenship, expecting these communities to offer total loyalty to the independent Kenyan state. [55] In June, he was part of a KCA team which appeared before a select committee of the Kenyan Legislative Council to express concerns about the recent introduction of Land Boards. [320] Kenyatta became its executive president,[321] combining the roles of head of state and head of government. [367], The question of land ownership had deep emotional resonance in Kenya, having been a major grievance against the British colonialists. Children of Jomo Kenyatta and Grace Wahu Peter Muigai Kenyatta 1920 Margaret Wambui Kenyatta 1928 Son of Jomo Kenyatta and Edna Grace Clarke Peter Magana Kenyatta 1943 Daughter of Jomo Kenyatta and Grace Wanjiku Jane Wambui Kenyatta 1950 Children of Jomo Kenyatta and Ngina Muhoho Christine Wambui Kenyatta 1952 Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta 1961 about by swifter communications and mass media which probe into and make familiar all the social patterns of our human family. Prior to Kenyan independence, many of its white settlers regarded him as an agitator and malcontent, although across Africa he gained widespread respect as an anti-colonialist. [332], Kenyatta's government believed it necessary to cultivate a united Kenyan national culture. [72] In January, Kenyatta met with Drummond Shiels, the Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, at the House of Commons. [507] As President he collected a variety of expensive cars. Corrections? He was essentially a moderate trying to achieve the radical revolution of a nationalist victory in a colonialist society, and his ambivalence over many issues can best be explained by his need to contain or use his militantsand he had plenty of them. Omissions? [408] In June 1967, Kenyatta declared the Chinese Charg d'Affairs persona non grata in Kenya and recalled the Kenyan ambassador from Peking. [502] According to Maloba, Kenyatta's government "sought to project capitalism as an African ideology, and communism (or socialism) as alien and dangerous". Gradually, the number of enrolled pupils fell. [174] He built a bungalow at Gatundu, near to where he was born, and began farming his 32-acre estate. [158] In August 1943, their son, Peter Magana, was born. [50] In either 1925 or early 1926, Beauttah moved to Uganda, but remained in contact with Kenyatta. [372], In part fuelled by high rural unemployment, Kenya witnessed growing rural-to-urban migration under Kenyatta's government. [65] His landlord subsequently impounded his belongings due to unpaid debt. [105] Both Padmore and Kenyatta left the Soviet Union, the latter returning to London in August 1933. [550] There had been an expansion in primary, secondary, and higher education, and the country had taken what Maxon called "giant steps" toward achieving its goal of universal primary education for Kenyan children. [441] It used laws on detention and deportation to perpetuate its political hold. [416] Between 1964 and 1966, Kenyatta and other KANU conservatives had been deliberately trying to push Odinga to resign from the party. [87], Between 1935 and 1937, Kenyatta worked as a linguistic informant for the Phonetics Department at University College London (UCL); his Kikuyu voice recordings assisted Lilias Armstrong's production of The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. The Kenyatta family is the family of Jomo Kenyatta, the first President of Kenya and a prominent leader in that country's independence. [236], His sentence served, in April 1959 Kenyatta was released from Lokitaung. [414] Opposition to Kenyatta's government grew, particularly following the assassination of Pio Pinto in February 1965. [518] Murray-Brown noted that Kenyatta could be "quite unscrupulous, even brutal" in using others to get what he wanted,[519] but he never displayed any physical cruelty or nihilism. [152] On 11 May 1942 he married an English woman, Edna Grace Clarke, at Chanctonbury Registry Office. [129] To earn money, he worked as one of 250 black extras in the film Sanders of the River, filmed at Shepperton Studios in Autumn 1934. . In August 1914 he was baptized with the name Johnstone Kamau. How did Jomo Kenyatta help lead Kenya to independence? [104] As a result, Comintern disbanded the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, with which both Padmore and Kenyatta were affiliated. [179] It was also beset with problems, including a decline in standards and teachers' strikes over non-payment of wages. [39] Kenyatta had initially refused to cease drinking,[38] but in July 1923 officially renounced alcohol and was allowed to return to Holy Communion. Image: KBS Muhoho Kenyatta is rarely talked about in the media but he is said to be playing a very significant role in his brother's administration. [54] In February 1928, he was part of a KCA party that visited Government House in Nairobi to give evidence in front of the Hilton Young Commission, which was then considering a federation between Kenya, Uganda, and Tanganyika. [142] In this book, Kenyatta made clear his belief that the rights of the individual should be downgraded in favour of the interests of the group. [264] In August, he was moved to Gatundu in Kikuyuland, where he was greeted by a crowd of 10,000. [363] Other businesses they were involved with included ruby mining in Tsavo National Park, the casino business, the charcoal tradewhich was causing significant deforestationand the ivory trade. [178] Under Kenyatta's leadership, additional funds were raised for the construction of school buildings and the number of boys in attendance rose from 250 to 900. His government comprised members of various ethnic groups in order to calm ethnic tensions. [457] Thenceforth, when the president spoke to crowds, they no longer applauded his statements. [472] In 1982 he would amend the Kenyan constitution to create a de jure one-party state. To the KCA such a prospect looked disastrous for Kikuyu interests; in February 1929 Kenyatta went to London to testify against the scheme, but in London the secretary of state for colonies refused to meet with him. "[358], Under Kenyatta, corruption became widespread throughout the government, civil service, and business community. [40], In April 1922, Kenyatta began working as a stores clerk and meter reader for Cook, who had been appointed water superintendent for Nairobi's municipal council. They upset the life of the people. Both the KCA and the Kikuyu Association opposed these Land Boards, which treated Kikuyu land as collectively-owned rather than recognising individual Kikuyu land ownership. [522], "I do not think I amand have never beenan enemy of Europeans or the white people, because I have spent many years in England or in Europe, and even today I have many friends in various nations. [564] Simon Gikandi noted that Kenyatta, like Nkrumah, was remembered for "initiating the discourse and process that plotted the narrative of African freedom", but at the same time both were "often remembered for their careless institution of presidential rule, one party dictatorship, ethnicity and cronyism. [143] The book also reflected his changing views on female genital mutilation; where once he opposed it, he now unequivocally supported the practice, downplaying the medical dangers that it posed to women. [231] Kenyatta's health had deteriorated in prison; manacles had caused problems for his feet and he had eczema across his body. Jomo Kenyatta [a] CGH ( c. 1897 - 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti- colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. [216] The prosecution failed to produce any strong evidence that Kenyatta or the other accused had any involvement in managing the Mau Mau. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Kenyatta died in office and was succeeded by Daniel arap Moi. 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