At Bridger, Montana, Jane moved in with a cowboy named Robert Dorsett. This was the last time Hickok was ever involved in a gunfight; the accidental death of Deputy Williams was an event that haunted Hickok for the remainder of his life. If the deceased and defendant engaged in a fight or conflict willingly on the part of each, and the defendant killed the deceased, he is guilty of the offense charged, although the deceased may have fired the first shot. How Did Wild Bill Hickok Die? Hickok never fought in another gun battle. The White Buffalo (1977), starring Charles Bronson as Hickok, tells a tale of Hickok's hunt for a murderous white buffalo that follows him in his nightmares. McCall alleged that John Varnes, a Deadwood gambler, had paid him to murder Wild Bill. He died in 1887. Macintosh of irregularities and misconduct during the election. A later film (1953) and subsequent stage musical, both titled Calamity Jane, also portray a romance between Calamity Jane and Hickok. Author McClaird theorised that Jessie, who had no birth certificate, said what she had to in order to receive financial assistance at her last residence in California. Six months later Jane visited friends in Deadwood, stating Jessie had married and was living in North Dakota with two children. [40]:196, In September 1869, his first month as sheriff, Hickok killed two men. [citation needed] Although he was just 39, his marksmanship and health were apparently in decline, and he had been arrested several times for vagrancy,[53] despite earning a good income from gambling and displays of showmanship only a few years earlier. There, the freight company had built a stagecoach stop along the Oregon Trail near Fairbury, Nebraska, on land purchased from David McCanles. Several sources, including Jessie, verify the child was born on October 28. They performed together until Bill was tragically murdered in 1869. [9], In 1865, Hickok recruited six Native Americans and three cowboys to accompany him to Niagara Falls, where he put on an outdoor demonstration called The Daring Buffalo Chasers of the Plains. Hickok then tried acting in Wild West shows, which were growing in popularity. Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Born in Homer (later called Troy Grove), Illinois, James Butler Hickok . [73], Hickok's favorite guns were a pair of Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. The. In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. Now, she said, both Calamity Jane and another famed woman of the west, Belle Starr, were her aunts. [21][22] Hickok, Wellman, and another employee, J.W. He was the fourth son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok. Hickoks growing reputation for fairness and courage earned him, in 1858, a position as a constable in Monticello, Kansas. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. [57] The two possibly met for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse in Fort Laramie and joined the wagon train in which Hickok was traveling. Hickok was assigned to bring the men to Topeka for trial, and he requested a military escort from Fort Hays. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. Keith Bell Manchester, United Kingdom Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. [54], Charles Snyder, the Lucien Howe Librarian of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, said "Granular conjunctivitis, ophtalmia, trachomacall it what you willwas common on the Western Frontier. The family did some moving around during this time period and the next child, James Butler Hickok, was born in May of 1837. [44] In his 1895 autobiography, published after his death, Hardin claimed to have been befriended by Hickok, the newly elected town marshal, after he had disarmed the marshal using the road agent's spin, but Hardin was known to exaggerate. Jesse James suffered from it. [33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. In any case, Hardin appeared to have thought highly of Hickok. The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a 1950s TV series starring Guy Madison and Andy Devine. When they returned from overseas, Agnes and Bill Lake decided to start their own circus. Hickok joined the antislavery Free State Army of Jayhawkers and, having already become skilled with a gun as a youth, served as a bodyguard for Gen. James H. Lanes. The incident helped contribute to the overall failure of the show. . If James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok had an eye disease, present-day experts believe that, like many others of his time, he may have suffered from trachoma. In the film version, Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok to Doris Day's Calamity Jane. Wild Bill's brother, Oliver Cromwell Hickok married and fathered five children per: Search Results from User Submitted Genealogies (only as accurate as submitter). Their quick-draw duel was recorded as the first of its kind. i have been told that Wild Bill Hickok is my great great great (i don't know how many greats) uncle, and i haven' been able to find out if any of his brotherrs had kids. In June of 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness. shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". Brady, like Varnes, had disappeared from Deadwood and could not be found. American folk hero and lawman (18371876), For the American football player and industrialist, see, Arapaho Joe and Colorado Charlie Utter at Hickok's grave, photograph date unknown, Pistols known to have been carried by Hickok. Did Nick McGlashan have a family? Hickok was sent from Abilene to arrest Matt Dillon (William Conrad) for the murder of a man he had thrown out of Dodge earlier that month. The first was Bill Mulvey, who was rampaging through town, drunk, shooting out mirrors and whisky bottles behind bars. Hickok was of English ancestry. Col. George Armstrong Custer. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. M. All are respectfully invited to attend. Only station employees were allowed to testify at the trial (testimony by McCanless son was barred), and the verdict was that the men had acted in self-defense. She was the eldest of as many as six children born to Robert and Charlotte (Burch) Cannary. In 1855, at the age of 18, he left to become a part of thegrowing American West. [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. McLintock used a cane to tap the body, face, and head, finding no soft tissue anywhere. (Not Really) Roughing It on the Mark Twain Trail, A Song of Praise for a Forgotten Folklore Collector, John Waynes Silver Screen Shootin Irons. Wild Bill Hickok's Revolver James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok's (1837-1874) pair of ivory-handled revolvers were as legendary as he was. Hickok lost a gold watch to Tutt in a poker game. McCall tried to . Before being called Wild Bill Hickok, his original name was James Butler Hickok. While Hickok claimed to have killed numerous named and unnamed gunmen in his lifetime, his career as a gunfighter only lasted from 1861 to 1871. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. Calamity Jane is reputed to have led a mob that threatened McCall with lynching, but at the time of Hickok's death, Jane was actually being held by military authorities. [31], Several weeks later, an interview Hickok gave to Colonel George Ward Nichols, a journalist who subsequently became known as the creator of the Hickok legend,[32] was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Coe claimed that he was shooting at a stray dog,[g] and then suddenly turned his gun on Hickok, who fired first and killed Coe. While in Deadwood, South Dakota, Wild Bill Hickok became a regular poker player at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon. [6], Hickok was a good shot from a young age, and was recognized locally as an outstanding marksman with a pistol. Hickok was a favourite of Custer and his wife, Libbie, who described him as a delight to look upon. Hickoks physical appearance was by many accounts arresting. A former cavalryman, J.W. Unsurprisingly, the two gunslingers found much to relate to in . A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. "J.B. Hickok, Deputy U.S. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. It ends with Hickok surviving the murder attempt due to wearing body armor and being shot in the back, then secretly leaving for a ranch in California. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! He wanted me to go with him, and as we started on our way, imagine my surprise and uncomfortable feeling when he announced his intention of stopping at the McCanles home. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? The first major description of the incident appeared in Harpers New Monthly Magazine in February 1867, six years after the fact, written by Col. George Ward Nichols, who claimed to have been told the story by Hickok in 1865. [38], On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. . [9], Shortly before his death, Hickock wrote a letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wifeAgnesand with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore. Wild Bill had learned of the scheme and cornered Coe, had his two pistols drawn on Coe. B. Hickock [sic] killed by the assassin Jack McCall in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876. Marshal. [45], Hickok later said he did not know that "Wesley Clemmons" was Hardin's alias, and that he was a wanted outlaw. "[56], Martha Jane Cannary, known popularly as Calamity Jane, claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and had divorced him so he could be free to marry Agnes Lake, but no records that support her account have been found. Why were some shotguns called Greeners by cowboys in the Old West. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wild-Bill-Hickok, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Wild Bill Hickok, Wild Bill Hickok - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". He was later elected constable of Monticello Township in Johnson County, Kansas. [j] Utter supervised the move and noted that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok had been imperfectly embalmed. The movie The Plainsman (1936), starring Gary Cooper as Hickok, features the alleged romance between Calamity Jane and him as its main plot line. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. "The Custer-Hickok Shootout in Hays City. Hickok ordered him to be arrested for firing a pistol within the city limits. [a][8], In 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he had killed the other. After a brief visit from Hickok, who then rode off into the sunset, a sea captain named James ONeil happened to find her. Hickok was killed August 2, 1876, at the age of 39, and Calamity Jane died of illness on August 1, 1903, at age 51; both died in South Dakota.. During his life, Hickok was a soldier, scout, stagecoach driver, lawman, gunfighter, showman, marksman, gambler, and more. Under the name "Wild Bill Hitchcock" [sic], the article recounted the "hundreds" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and other exaggerated exploits. On September 4, Hickok was wounded in the foot while rescuing several cattlemen in the Bijou Creek basin who had been surrounded by Indians. Pard, we will meet again in the happy hunting ground to part no more. In another account of the Coe shootout: Theophilus Little, the mayor of Abilene and owner of the town's lumber yard, recorded his time in Abilene by writing in a notebook, which was ultimately given to the Abilene Historical Society. [52], In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia. Later that year he became a teamster with the great freighting enterprise Russell, Majors and Waddell, creators of the Pony Express, for which he was too tall and heavy to be a rider. Doc Holliday did have a bad cough, as suggested in this episode, from his tuberculosis. In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. He was released from the group after a few months. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Leaving Springfield, he was recommended for the position of deputy federal marshal at Fort Riley, Kansas. The way Wild Bill conducted himself in his later years was a direct correlation for what he did when he was a young boy. The two men faced each other sideways for a duel. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. The town of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every summer evening. ", DeMattos, Jack (1980). In 1866 Hickok helped guide Gen. William T. Shermans tour of the West, and in 186768 he scouted for Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock and Lieut. [6][35] Witnesses confirm that while working as a scout at Fort Harker, Kansas, on May 11, 1867, Hickok was attacked by a large group of Indians, who fled after he shot and killed two. Upon Hickoks arrival, she told him that a Confederate gang led by McCanles was pursuing him, and almost immediately they were set upon by the Confederates. August 18, 1876, image 3", "Jack McCall Cowardly Killer of Wild Bill Hickok", "American Wonder Wild Bill Hickok Shot and Killed from Behind on This Day in History", Bozeman Avant Courier, December 22, 1876, image 1, testimony of George M. Shingle, "Riverboat captain 'carried' bullet that killed Hickok", "Jack McCall and the Murder of Wild Bill Hickok", "Wild Bill Hickok: Pistoleer, Peace Officer and Folk Hero", Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok's Colt Model 1851 Navys, "Wild Bill Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. The couple had a daughter, who also became an accomplished performer and horseback rider. James Butler Hickok, better known as " Wild Bill ," was a wagon master, soldier, scout, lawman, gunfighter, gambler, showman, and actor well-known in the American West. Two 7th Cavalry troopers jump, Most people have heard of Calamity Jane, once promoted as The Famous Woman Scout of. The bear attacked, crushing Hickok with its body. He drove freight wagons and coaches. Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man and the two became longtime pals. [h], McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, largely concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's having given him money for breakfast the day before, after McCall had lost heavily. [69] In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. . Hickok is known to have fatally shot six men and is suspected of having killed a seventh (McCanles). [9], At the time of his death, Hickok was wearing a Smith & Wesson Model No. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. Jane was well-known for her abilities as a sharpshooter . [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. When a seat opened up at the table, a drunk man named Jack McCall sat down to play. He was holding two pairs: black aces and black eights (although there is some dispute as to the suit of one of the aces, diamond vs. spade) as his "up cards", which has since become widely known as the "dead man's hand". At the [second] trial it was suggested that [McCall] was hired to do his work by gamblers who feared the time when better citizens should appoint Bill the champion of law and order a post which he formerly sustained in Kansas border life, with credit to his manhood and his courage. Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. Less than a month after Hickok's death, the trial was found to have no legal status because Deadwood was located in Indian Territory - McCall's acquittal was deemed invalid. Overall, it was reported that Hickok had killed over 100 men during his lifetime. Several times he was arrested for vagrancy. The incident began when David McCanles, his brother William and several farmhands came to the station demanding payment for a property that had been bought from him. There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. That belief came from the fertile imaginations of othersespecially Jean McCormick, who claimed to be the daughter of the legendary pair. [28] Tutt's shot missed, but Hickok's struck Tutt through the heart from about 75 yards (69m) away. He worked as a technical writer on the Atlas, Minuteman, and Titan missile-launching systems, as well as Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. This was during the Indian Wars, in which Hickok sometimes served as a scout for General George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry. Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. England and Wales company registration number 2008885. subscribe to All About History for as little as 26. was advancing on him with a drawn pistol and that Tutt had previously made threats of personal injury to Deft. I will be. For confirmation that Hickok was employed as a U.S. Army scout fighting Indians in Kansas in the summer of 1867, see Ames, George Augustus, Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, List of cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok, "How many men did Wild Bill Hickok actually kill? [citation needed], From 1871 until his death in 1876, Hickok had vision problems. He twice asked another man at the table, Charles Rich, to change seats with him, but Rich refused. McCanles may have been the first man Hickok killed. Personal account of the foreman of the Overland Stage Company stations, as given to, Judge Boyd told the jury, "The defendant cannot set up justification that he acted in self-defense if he was willing to engage in a fight with the deceased. [50] The two entrepreneurs had painted a picture of a bull with a large erect penis on the side of their establishment as an advertisement. 2 Revolver on Offer at Bonhams This Fall", "Wild Bill Hickok's Death-Day Revolver Fails to Sell at California Auction", "Wild-Bill-Hickok - Trailer - Cast - Showtimes", "Josh Brolin as James Butler Hickok (aka Wild Bill)", https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0028/2964/7961/files/Deadwood_1876_Rules_English.pdf?4346553514003986582, Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876), Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (18761887), Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (18761887), Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (18931947), Fossil Cycad National Monument (19221957), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wild_Bill_Hickok&oldid=1141945329, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, James B. Hickok, J.B. Hickok, Shanghai Bill, William Hickok, William Haycock, Bird, Roy (1979). [46]:pp.5456[47], In August 1871, Hickok sought to arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for snoring too loud". Hickok may have been acting sheriff before he was elected; a newspaper reported that he arrested offenders on August 18, and the commander of Fort Hays wrote a letter to the assistant adjutant general on August 21 in which he praised Hickok for his work in apprehending deserters. [64], Hickok was playing five-card stud or five-card draw when he was shot. It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. No other woman in the American west possesses a more enigmatic legacy than Martha Calamity Jane Canary. When did cowboys begin wearing these shirts? 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